{"id":9095,"date":"2023-06-12T16:05:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-12T09:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.youre.vn\/?p=9095"},"modified":"2026-01-08T04:17:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T21:17:16","slug":"the-privileged-poor-elite-colleges-failing-disadvantaged-students","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.youre.org.vn\/en\/the-privileged-poor-elite-colleges-failing-disadvantaged-students\/","title":{"rendered":"Books That Empower Educators | Cu\u1ed1n #26 \u2013 The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Privileged Poor How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Anthony Abraham Jack, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Harvard University, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Amherst College. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eeba ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Hoa K\u1ef3, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u00f3m sinh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tinh hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students<\/em>, Anthony Abraham Jack \u0111\u01b0a ra hai ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn cao. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c tinh hoa t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Th\u1ee9 hai, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat th\u00eam sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra. C\u00e1c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Jack r\u1ea5t s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i UC Berkeley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Privileged Poor<\/em> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn cao tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh mi\u1ec5n h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat th\u00eam sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Princeton v\u00e0 Stanford mi\u1ec5n h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi 125.000\u2013160.000 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Princeton th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng 61 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c quan nh\u01b0 v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea1i Princeton, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb 160.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 250.000 USD v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c \u201c60 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c 40 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201cdanh ti\u1ebfng\u201d kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau t\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, 50 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 \u201cprivileged poor\u201d, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c tinh hoa. 50 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u201cdoubly disadvantaged\u201d, nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, UC Berkeley t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u01b0u ti\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, b\u1edfi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda sinh vi\u00ean cao \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i California l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean da m\u00e0u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 26,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u0103m 2019 c\u1ee7a UC Berkeley thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m \u201cthi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u201d, m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho sinh vi\u00ean da m\u00e0u thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn nghi\u00eang m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u. C\u1ef1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Robert Reich, t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u: tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c thu nh\u1eadp cao, hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p. Kho\u1ea3ng 50 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng UC Berkeley ch\u1ec9 tuy\u1ec3n 7,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, trong khi 54 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thu nh\u1eadp cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jack gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201chedging their bets\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201cdanh ti\u1ebfng\u201d kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau t\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m privileged poor hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u00f3m doubly disadvantaged, t\u1ee9c sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00fa s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa. H\u1ecd \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u, d\u00f9 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201chedging bets\u201d c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p da m\u00e0u h\u01a1n, UC Berkeley v\u1eabn tuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cao. Nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a Berkeley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Jack v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201chedging bets\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u sinh vi\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1ec7ch. Sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3, sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m SAT ho\u1eb7c ACT cao h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn cao v\u1eabn s\u1ebd \u01b0u ti\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn cao \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng? Sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201chedge bets\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt l\u1eabn phi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u. Jack quan s\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ea9n\u201d. Sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u m\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Moncler, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201csummer\u201d v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch xa x\u1ec9 trong n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y xa l\u1ea1. Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng sinh vi\u00ean tham gia gi\u1edd office hours \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau t\u00ean, Jack m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 \u0103n trong k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 xu\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111i d\u1ecdn ph\u00f2ng cho sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i UC Berkeley, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb b\u1eadc K\u201312 b\u1ecb khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1edfi sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi nhau \u0111i\u1ec3m SAT \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ai \u201cg\u1eb7p may\u201d khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ai x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, b\u1ecf qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc luy\u1ec7n thi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p trong l\u1edbp sinh h\u1ecdc n\u0103m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u00e0i thi gi\u1eefa k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cho tr\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u0103m nh\u1ea5t thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e2ng cao. Do Berkeley l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng GPA. Sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111am m\u00ea, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, Jack \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n gi\u1eefa nh\u00f3m privileged poor v\u00e0 doubly disadvantaged \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn cao ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch trong tuy\u1ec3n sinh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 privileged poor. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m, c\u1ee7a ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u201cban \u01a1n\u201d cho sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p khi nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u201cti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1edbt l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u \u1edf c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn cao v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p. Khi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao, sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng quy k\u1ebft th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thay v\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i. \u201cD\u1eabn h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,\u201d \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa quay l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch do ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 Richard Rothstein \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong The Color of Law<\/em>, \u201cB\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp; vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3.\u201d Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p da m\u00e0u v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft Brown v. Board of Education, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecdc sinh. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jack \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh mu\u1ed1n mang l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho con m\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u201cb\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c\u201d, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu Jack tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0a sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa l\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c, li\u1ec7u \u00f4ng c\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0a sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay kh\u00f4ng? \u00d4ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ecd trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn cao b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. Theo l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u. Jack c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y h\u01a1n. \u0110a d\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a di \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean may m\u1eafn sinh ra trong gi\u00e0u c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jack \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0103n cho sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p trong k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 xu\u00e2n, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c sinh vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p b\u1ecb xa l\u00e1nh qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, th\u00ec kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p K\u201312 mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Jack l\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: N\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i review s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Catherine Straus, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Cato Journal<\/em> thu\u1ed9c Cato Institute. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Anthony Abraham Jack, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a YOUREORG \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n

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T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Anthony Abraham Jack
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Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng YOUREORG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students<\/em> mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng YOUREORG m\u1ed9t khung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eafc b\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n sinh. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ng\u1ea7m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tinh hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i YOUREORG, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Jack gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n d\u00f9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students<\/em> cung c\u1ea5p cho YOUREORG m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, di \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tinh hoa. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng top sang c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YOUREORG tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u series s\u00e1ch Books That Empower Educators<\/strong> t\u1edbi qu\u00fd th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp Blog YOUREORG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Privileged Poor How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Anthony Abraham Jack, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Harvard University,… \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u00bbBooks That Empower Educators | Cu\u1ed1n #26 \u2013 The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":9096,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_ti_tpc_template_sync":false,"_ti_tpc_template_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[301,302,298,299],"class_list":["post-9095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thu-vien-tin-tuc-youreorg","tag-books-that-empower-educators","tag-educator-empowerment-reading-list-2","tag-professional-development-books-for-teachers","tag-youreorg-leadership-reads"],"yoast_head":"\nBooks 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